Trump’s second term could realign US diplomacy towards authoritarian leaders

Hungary’s fiery, right-wing leader says Donald Trump’s victory will help his own battle against immigration and multi-culturalism and restore traditional family values.

In Argentina, a president who once bear-hugged Trump at a political conference in Maryland is attacking his critics as rats and parasites, ranting against what he calls a corrupt elite and calling climate change “a socialist lie”.

The president-elect’s second term could realign US diplomacy away from traditional international alliances and more toward populist, authoritarian politicians, according to both those leaders and outside observers.

Prime Minister Viktor Orban of Hungary

Two days before Tuesday’s election, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban made a daring prediction.

“Donald Trump will be president again, and that means by the end of the year, pro-peace political forces will be in the majority in the West,” Mr Orban told state radio.

Mr Orban has been accused by the European Union of burying Hungary’s democracy by dominating media and building a network of loyal oligarchs.

He has worried foreign leaders by drawing closer to Russian President Vladimir Putin.

What Mr Orban calls “illiberal democracy” has stigmatised civil-society organisations and cracked down on LGBTQ rights.

It favours retaining power even if that means contravening traditional Hungarian allies’ interests.

President Vladimir Putin of Russia

Mr Trump has avoided publicly criticising Mr Putin and has consistently spoken warmly about him.

“There is clearly that sort of authoritarian-minded chemistry,” between them, said Nigel Gould-Davies of the International Institute of Strategic Studies in London.

That chemistry aligns with Mr Trump’s admiration for other authoritarian leaders, some of whom were elected by systems that were once democratic, Mr Gould-Davies said, noting Hungary under Mr Orban as an example.

Mr Trump has claimed that he will bring an end to Russia’s war in Ukraine “within 24 hours,” an assertion welcomed by the Kremlin, which currently holds an advantage on the battlefield as well as roughly 20% of Ukrainian territory.

Moscow may hope that Mr Trump will sow dysfunction in Nato given his demands that other members of the alliance meet agreed military spending levels, and his warnings that Russia could “do whatever the hell they want” to those who fail.

Mr Gould-Davies observed before the election that the Kremlin would welcome Mr Trump’s victory because of his apparent desire for the war in Ukraine to end on terms favourable to Russia.

Mr Putin and other authoritarian leaders will be encouraged by Mr Trump’s re-election, which will mean “much less emphasis in American foreign policy on the importance and value of human rights”, Mr Gould-Davies said.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is one of his country’s both beloved and polarising political leaders.

Under Mr Modi, Hindu nationalism — once a fringe ideology in India — has become mainstream, and nobody has done more to advance this cause than the 74-year-old leader.

Some critics believe Mr Modi’s politics have divided India, especially along religious lines.

He was accused of using hate speech against the country’s minority Muslim community, especially in the last phase of election campaigning this year when he ramped up rhetoric against them.

To his supporters, Mr Modi is a political outsider who broke the country’s history of dynastic politics.

His rise has been boosted in part by promises to overhaul India’s economy, but also by Hindu-first politics that have resonated widely in a country where 80% of the population is Hindu.

To his critics, Mr Modi has strained democracy and threatened India’s secular fabric, while his attacks on media and free speech have grown in more than a decade of his rule.

President Recep Tayyip Erdogan of Turkey

Like Mr Trump, Mr Erdogan projects an image of strength that prioritises national interests and relies on populist messages that present him as a champion of common people against elites.

The Biden administration has kept Mr Erdogan’s government at arms’ length, but Mr Trump and Mr Erdogan have cultivated a cordial relationship.

That is despite a series of differences between their countries, like when the Trump administration removed Turkey from the F-35 fighter jet program in 2019 over Ankara’s purchase of a Russian-made missile defence system.

President Javier Milei of Argentina

The president of Argentina has a brash style like Mr Trump, rebukes multi-lateral institutions like the United Nations and has taken a disdainful approach to diplomacy, snubbing meetings with the leaders of traditional allies like Brazil and Spain.

For many observers, the most worrying parallel involves Mr Milei’s claims that last year’s presidential election in Argentina was rigged against him.

That, along with his efforts to downplay the atrocities of Argentina’s 1976-1983 bloody military dictatorship has raised concerns about his impact on democracy.

Mr Milei congratulated Mr Trump on his election victory on Wednesday by posting an image on Instagram of the two men hugging in front of their nations’ flags.

“You know you can count on Argentina to carry out your task,” the caption reads. “Now, Make America Great Again.”

Analysts say his cash-strapped government — badly in need of support from the US, the largest stakeholder in the International Monetary Fund — had been betting on a Trump win.

Mr Milei’s administration is pinning its hopes on the idea that Trump could exert pressure on the IMF to lend more money to Argentina, its biggest debtor.

The fund is weighing whether to lend Argentina more cash, which Mr Milei’s libertarian government needs to fully re-enter the world market and exit currency controls.

During Mr Trump’s first term, the IMF granted Argentina — at the time led by conservative President Mauricio Macri — a controversial 57 billion dollar bailout.

Mariano Machado, principal analyst for the Americas at Verisk Maplecroft, a global risk intelligence firm, said that while US institutions and separation of powers are designed to prevent autocratic rule, “Argentina is now going back to a phase where the very parameters of its institutions are being pressured”.

Prime Minister Robert Fico of Slovakia

While a leftist, Mr Fico has used rhetoric similar to Mr Trump’s.

Mr Fico even compared the July assassination attempt against Mr Trump to his own wounding in a shooting in May.

“It is a carbon-copy scenario,” Mr Fico said.

“Political opponents of Donald Trump are trying to imprison him, and when they don’t succeed, they enrage the public so much that some loser picks up a gun.”

Like Mr Trump, Mr Fico displays contempt for the mainstream media, and has declared war on illegal immigration.

He has faced criminal charges for organised crime, which he denounced as politically motivated.

The case was eventually dismissed.

The Slovak leader has condemned the West’s approach to the war in Ukraine and cancelled weapons shipments to Kyiv.

Mr Fico, like Mr Orban, is known for his pro-Russian views, opposes EU sanctions on Moscow and has said he would block Ukraine from joining Nato.